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<A href="introduction6.htm">Debugging Tools for Windows (WinDbg, KD, CDB, NTSD)</A> &gt; <A href="debugger_reference.htm">Debugger Reference</A> &gt; <A href="debugger_commands.htm">Debugger Commands</A> &gt; <A href="kernel_mode_extensions.htm">Kernel-Mode Extension Commands</A> &gt; </div>
	<div id="winchm_template_title">!ca</div>
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	<div id="winchm_template_content"><div id="mainSection"><p>The <b>!ca</b> extension displays information about a control area.</p>
<pre class="syntax"><b>!ca [</b><i>Address</i><b> | 0 | -1] [</b><i>Flags</i><b>]</b></pre>
<h2><a id="ddk__ca_dbg"></a><a id="DDK__CA_DBG"></a>Parameters</h2>
<p></p>
<dl>
<dt><a id="_______Address______"></a><a id="_______address______"></a><a id="_______ADDRESS______"></a>       <i>Address</i>      </dt>
<dd>
<p>Address of the control area. If you specify 0 for this parameter, information is displayed about all control areas. If you specify -1 for this parameter, information is displayed about the unused segment list.</p>
</dd>
<dt><a id="_______Flags______"></a><a id="_______flags______"></a><a id="_______FLAGS______"></a>       <i>Flags</i>      </dt>
<dd>
<p>Flags that specify which information is displayed. This parameter is a bitwise OR of one or more of the following flags.</p>
<p></p>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Flag</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%">
<p><a id="0x1"></a><a id="0X1"></a>0x1</p>
</td>
<td width="60%">
<p>Display segment information.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%">
<p><a id="0x2"></a><a id="0X2"></a>0x2</p>
</td>
<td width="60%">
<p>Display subsection information.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%">
<p><a id="0x4"></a><a id="0X4"></a>0x4</p>
</td>
<td width="60%">
<p>Display the list of mapped views. (Windows 7 and later)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%">
<p><a id="0x8"></a><a id="0X8"></a>0x8</p>
</td>
<td width="60%">
<p>Display compact (single line) output.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%">
<p><a id="0x10"></a><a id="0X10"></a>0x10</p>
</td>
<td width="60%">
<p>Display file-backed control areas.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%">
<p><a id="0x20"></a><a id="0X20"></a>0x20</p>
</td>
<td width="60%">
<p>Display control areas backed by the page file.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%">
<p><a id="0x40"></a><a id="0X40"></a>0x40</p>
</td>
<td width="60%">
<p>Display image control areas.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<p>If none of the last three flags are specified, all three types of control area are displayed.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<h3><a id="DLL"></a><a id="dll"></a>DLL</h3>
<table>
<tr>
<td>
<p><b>Windows 2000</b></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
          Kdextx86.dll
         </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><b>Windows XP and later
         </b></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
          Kdexts.dll
         </p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<h3><a id="Additional_Information"></a><a id="additional_information"></a><a id="ADDITIONAL_INFORMATION"></a>Additional Information</h3>
<p>For information about control areas, see <i>Microsoft Windows Internals</i> by Mark Russinovich and David Solomon. (This book may not be available in some languages and 

countries.)</p>
<h2>Remarks</h2>
<p>To get a list of the control areas of all mapped files, use the <a href="#Bookmark2383"><b>!memusage</b></a> extension.</p>
<p>Here is an example:</p>
<pre class="syntax" xml:space="preserve"><code>kd&gt; !memusage
 loading PFN database
loading (99% complete)
             Zeroed:     16 (    64 kb)
               Free:      0 (     0 kb)
            Standby:   2642 ( 10568 kb)
           Modified:    720 (  2880 kb)
    ModifiedNoWrite:      0 (     0 kb)
       Active/Valid:  13005 ( 52020 kb)
         Transition:      0 (     0 kb)
            Unknown:      0 (     0 kb)
              TOTAL:  16383 ( 65532 kb)
  Building kernel map
  Finished building kernel map

  Usage Summary (in Kb):
Control Valid Standby Dirty Shared Locked PageTables  name
ff8636e8    56    376     0     0     0     0  mapped_file( browseui.dll )
ff8cf388    24      0     0     0     0     0  mapped_file( AVH32DLL.DLL )
ff8d62c8    12      0     0     0     0     0  mapped_file( PSAPI.DLL )
ff8dd468   156     28     0     0     0     0  mapped_file( INOJOBSV.EXE )
fe424808   136     88     0    52     0     0  mapped_file( oleaut32.dll )
fe4228a8   152     44     0   116     0     0  mapped_file( MSVCRT.DLL )
ff8ec848     4      0     0     0     0     0    No Name for File
ff859de8     0     32     0     0     0     0  mapped_file( timedate.cpl )
. . . . .

kd&gt; !ca ff8636e8

ControlArea @ff8636e8
  Segment:    e1b74548    Flink              0   Blink:               0
 Section Ref        0    Pfn Ref           6c   Mapped Views:        1
  User Ref           1    Subsections        5   Flush Count:         0
  File Object ff86df88    ModWriteCount      0   System Views:        0
  WaitForDel         0    Paged Usage      380   NonPaged Usage       e0
  Flags (10000a0) Image File HadUserReference 

   File: \WINNT\System32\browseui.dll

Segment @ e1b74548:
   Base address        0  Total Ptes        c8  NonExtendPtes:       c8
   Image commit        1  ControlArea ff8636e8  SizeOfSegment: c8000
   Image Base          0  Committed          0  PTE Template:   31b8438
 Based Addr   76e10000  ProtoPtes   e1b74580  Image Info:    e1b748a4

Subsection 1. @ ff863720
   ControlArea: ff8636e8  Starting Sector 0 Number Of Sectors 2
   Base Pte     e1b74580  Ptes In subsect        1 Unused Ptes          0
   Flags              15  Sector Offset          0 Protection           1
    ReadOnly CopyOnWrite 

Subsection 2. @ ff863740
   ControlArea: ff8636e8  Starting Sector 2 Number Of Sectors 3d0
   Base Pte     e1b74584  Ptes In subsect       7a Unused Ptes          0
   Flags              35  Sector Offset          0 Protection           3
    ReadOnly CopyOnWrite 

Subsection 3. @ ff863760
   ControlArea: ff8636e8  Starting Sector 3D2 Number Of Sectors 7
   Base Pte     e1b7476c  Ptes In subsect        1 Unused Ptes          0
   Flags              55  Sector Offset          0 Protection           5
    ReadOnly CopyOnWrite 

Subsection 4. @ ff863780
   ControlArea: ff8636e8  Starting Sector 3D9 Number Of Sectors 21f
   Base Pte     e1b74770  Ptes In subsect       44 Unused Ptes          0
   Flags              15  Sector Offset          0 Protection           1
    ReadOnly CopyOnWrite 

Subsection 5. @ ff8637a0
   ControlArea: ff8636e8  Starting Sector 5F8 Number Of Sectors 3a
   Base Pte     e1b74880  Ptes In subsect        8 Unused Ptes          0
   Flags              15  Sector Offset          0 Protection           1
    ReadOnly CopyOnWrite </code></pre></div></div>	
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